After a nearly unopposed beach invasion at Anzio and an impressive beachhead built up over a week, the Allied forces began their breakout from Anzio on 30 January 1944.

Background

The decision to heavily fortify the intial beachhead, rather than advance on the Alban Hills, was the source of great rancor between British and Americans. The British Chiefs of Staff who planned the attack and General Henry Wilson who gave the orders for Anzio thought they had made it clear that it was their intent to get to the Alban hills ASAP. The Alban Hills commanded the road to Rome and would be the meeting place with the rest of the main assault coming up from the Cassino area further south. General John Lucas (US VI Corps commander), who would command the Anzio campaign, and his commander General Mark Clark (US Fifth Army Commander), who would lead the US push from Cassino, thought the orders only meant a link up point and the timing would be determined later. Lucas and Clark also thought German counter-attacks would make getting to tha Alban Hills almost impossible immediately. Their idea was to fortify the beachhead to the point of impregnability, then move out. This is what they did. However, the Germans were not lax. They spent the week building up a force of 70,000 to oppose the breakout.

The Attempted Breakout 30 January 1944

In the early morning of 30 January 1944, the Rangers of Colonel William O. Darby, began the assault by getting within a kilometer of their objective of Cisterna. That would be as close as they got that day. they were found out and ambushed which drove them to ground. By mid morning, they were being attacked by tanks of the Herman Goring Division and tried a fighting retreat. By noon, only 6 out of 767 Rangers in the attack made it back to friendly lines. The US 3rd Division continued the attack, but still were a mile away from cisterna by end of the day 31 January.
The other prong of the breakout was to capture the town of Campleone near the Alban Hills. Here the British 1st Division and a regiment from the US 1st Armored Division pushed forward with great difficulty. They spent a lot of time just reaching the start line, because of mines and obstacles. Over two days, theygot tantalisingly close, but once again the Allied push was stopped short of the town objective.
The Allied high command was surprised by the lack of progress and this led them to think the German were preapring a major counter-attack soon. The Allies rushed to re-enforce the Anzio beachhead.
Whether clark and Lucas were correct about the intial speed of the push out of Anzio or not is immaterial, but the fact remains that the Germans did not counter-attack quickly or decisively and this made the decision to stay near the beachhead potentially catastrophic.

Motorcycle Ride Recommendation

Check out this ride from Nettuno to Cisterna to the Alban Hills and back down to Anzio going through Aprilia.

Book Recommendation: Anzio: The Friction of War from AbeBooks.com or Amazon.com

Map Recommendation: Michelin Italy Regional 563 from AbeBooks.com or Amazon.com